• The American Revolution: This was a period of political upheaval during which thirteen British colonies in North America gained independence from Great Britain. The war was fought from 1775 to 1783, and it resulted in the formation of the United States of America.
• The French Revolution: This was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France that had a major impact on France and indeed all of Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed within three years. French society underwent an epic transformation, as feudal, aristocratic and religious privileges evaporated under an onslaught from radical left-wing political groups, masses on the streets, and peasants in the countryside. Old ideas about tradition and hierarchy were abruptly overthrown by new principles of citizenship and inalienable rights.
• The Russian Revolution: This was a series of two revolutions in Russia in 1917, which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the eventual establishment of the Soviet Union. The February Revolution overthrew the Tsarist government, while the October Revolution brought the Bolsheviks to power.
• The Second World War: This was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world’s countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from more than 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. Tens of millions of people died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), premeditated death from starvation, massacres, and disease. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, including in the strategic bombing of population centers, the development of nuclear weapons, and the only two uses of such in war.

These are just a few of the many fascinating historical events that have shaped the world we live in today. Each of these events is complex and has had a profound impact on humanity. I encourage you to learn more about these events and to explore the many other fascinating historical events that have occurred throughout history.